Our survey also revealed that fungi lack canonical gene-body methylation, which distinguishes fungal epigenomes from certain insect and plant species. We show that extant moreВ В» 5mC MTase genotypes are descendent from ancestral maintenance and de novo genotypes, whereas the 5mC MTases DIM-2 and RID are more recently derived, and that 5mC levels are correlated with 5mC MTase genotype and transposon content. Here, we utilize the largest phylogenetic resolution of 5mC methyltransferases (5mC MTases) and genome evolution to better understand levels and patterns of 5mC across fungi. Large comparative studies in animals and plants have deepened our understanding of epigenomic variation, particularly of the modified base 5-methylcytosine (5mC), but taxonomic sampling of disparate groups is needed to develop unifying explanations for 5mC variation. However, the epigenome, which includes DNA and chromatin modifications, remains poorly investigated in fungi. The generation of thousands of fungal genomes is leading to a better understanding of genes and genomic organization within the kingdom. In this paper, a new monotypic genus, Bifiguratus, is proposed, typified by Bifiguratus adelaidae. The fungus is dimorphic, grows best at room temperature, and is associated with a wide variety of bacteria. Sequences for the novel taxon are frequently detected in environmental sequencing studies, and it is currently part of UNITEвЂ™s dynamic list of most wanted fungi. Phylogenetic and maximum likelihood phylogenomic reconstructions revealed that the taxon represents a moreВ В» novel lineage in Mucoromycotina, only preceded by Calcarisporiella, the earliest diverging lineage in the subphylum. The three isolates were characterized using morphological, genomic, and multilocus molecular data (18S, internal transcribed spacer, and 28S rRNA sequences). Examination of records in GenBank revealed that a genetically similar fungus had been isolated previously as an endophyte of moss in a pine forest in the southwestern United States. Two isolates with ribosomal sequences consistent with that genotype were subsequently obtained. Illumina amplicon sequencing of soil in a temperate pine forest in the southeastern United States detected an abundant, nitrogen (N)-responsive fungal genotype of unknown phylogenetic affiliation. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States) Sponsoring Org.: USDOE Office of Science (SC) National Science Foundation (NSF) National Institutes of Health (NIH) OSTI Identifier: 1787884 Alternate Identifier(s): OSTI ID: 1798799 Grant/Contract Number: AC02-05CH11237 DEB-1441715 DBI-1429826 S10-OD016290 Resource Type: Published Article Journal Name: Microbiology Resource Announcements Additional Journal Information: Journal Name: Microbiology Resource Announcements Journal Volume: 10 Journal Issue: 22 Journal ID: ISSN 2576-098X Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL = ,

Publication Date: Research Org.: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA.Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA.Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio, USA.

Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.

Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

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